Human Clinical Trials
In randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials, Amberen-based monotherapy significantly lowered many characteristics of menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes, headaches, and anxiety. No adverse side effects registered.

Peer-reviewed Publications
(2008) A Succinate-Based Composition Reverses Menopausal Symptoms Without Sex Hormone Therapy. Advances in Gerontology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 298-305.

(2007) A Succinate-Based Composition “Rejuvenates” Aging Mice and Alleviates Menopausal Symptoms in Women Without Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy. Medline (Gerontology, Endocrinology), Vol. 8, Art. 46, pp. 497-517.

(2005) Succinate-Based Preparation Alleviates Manifestations of the Climacteric Syndrome in Women. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (Pharmacology, Toxicology), Vol. 140, No. 3, pp. 312-314.

Five-year Study
Amberen alleviated symptoms of menopause when administered as monotherapy. No adverse side effects registered.

Animal Study
Evaluation of four-week Amberen treatment on the estral cycle, bone mass and calcium content of aging mice. Amberen therapy alleviated many biochemical symptoms of menopause in aging mice.

Animal Study
In a six-week laboratory study on the biochemical effects of Amberen in old female rats, Amberen corrected ovulation cycle in the rats.

Succinate as geroprotector in the course of chronological aging. V. A. Samokhvalov, M. N. Kondrashova. Biochimie, 2006.

Signal, sympathetic action of succinate in experimental and clinical studies. E. I. Maevsky, A. S. Rosenfeld, A. B. Peskov, M. N. Kondrashova, BBA, Suppl.v.14, 14th EBEC Short Reports, 536-537, 2006.

Hormone-like action of amber (succinic) acid. M. N. Kondrashova. Voprosy Biol. Med. Pharmac. Chemistry, Moscow 1, 7-12, 2002.

Mechanisms of physiological activity and curative effect of small doses of succinic (amber) acid. M. N. Kondrashova, European Journal of Medicine, Res. 5, 28, 2000.

Succinic acid as a physiological signal molecule. In: Signal Molecule and Behaviour. M. N. Kondrashova, S. P. Volkova, I. V. Kuznetzov, Manchester University Press, Manchester & New York, 1991, 295-300.

Succinic acid as the only energy support of intensive Ca2+ – uptake by mitochondria. M. N. Kondrashova, V. G. Gogvadze, A. M. Babsky, Bioch. Bioph. Res. Comm. 109, 2, 376-381, 1982.

The effect of amber (succinic) system in old rats. V. M. Dilman et al. Pharmacology and Toxicology, Moscow, 3, 540, 1976.

Therapeutic action of amber (succinic) acid (M. N. Kondrashova), ONTI Pushchino, 1976.

Accumulation and utilization of amber (succinic acid) in mitochondria. M. N. Kondrashova, Nauka, Moscow, 151-169, 1972.